MALAYSIA’S biggest state, Sarawak, is set to take control of its natural gas assets from federal government-run companies, as its campaign for economic autonomy bears fruit in the South-east Asian country’s fragile political landscape.
The Borneo island state’s oil firm, Petroleum Sarawak, last week signed its first gas sale agreements. It is effectively starting a take-over of the gas distribution network in Sarawak that’s controlled by Malaysian oil giant Petroliam Nasional.
Petronas, which answers only to the prime minister, is asking for more time before it cedes full control. It wants to finalise gas supply agreements with Sarawak first to keep its liquefied natural gas (LNG) complex running in the state – one of the biggest in the world at 30 million tonnes a year.
“We said we respect their concern because we have equity in the LNG plants,” Sarawak Premier Abang Johari Openg was cited as saying by the News Straits Times newspaper this week. “The discussions must be finalised by Oct 1, otherwise, we will go ahead with the arrangement.”
The state has long demanded for higher oil and gas royalties from Petronas, the custodian of Malaysia’s energy reserves, only to be rebuffed or given small increments at best. The renewed push for autonomy began after the November 2022 elections since Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim now depends on the backing of Abang Johari and the Sarawak-based parties he leads to keep a government coalition intact.
The Prime Minister’s Office and the Sarawak Premier’s Office did not respond to Bloomberg requests for comment.
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Petronas, whose sole shareholder is the federal government, now has to make concessions. It will soon cede control of the gas distribution network in Sarawak for the first time in its history, and analysts say it could lead to more negotiations with the state over revenue sharing, operational control and regulatory oversight.
“The relationship with Petronas might become more complex,” said Awang Azman Awang Pawi, an associate professor at the Universiti of Malaya, who is from Sarawak. “It might create tension, but both parties might seek a cooperative framework to avoid disrupting the industry.”
The impact on earnings for Petronas, a major source of revenue to the Malaysian government, is uncertain. RHB Research said in a Jul 22 note that the oil firm could lose some earning power given the gas segment accounts for about 38 per cent of Petronas’ headline profit last year.
Petronas said it was in discussions to achieve a mutual resolution on the gas distribution in Sarawak. The said that it “will continue to be a strategic partner to Sarawak to preserve a thriving and conducive investment climate in Malaysia”.
Full circle
A lot is at stake for Sarawak, which is almost as big as mainland Malaysia and has oil and gas fields in the disputed South China Sea. Abang Johari had forecast the value of Sarawak’s energy sector will surpass RM60 billion (S$17.5 billion) by the end of the decade, up from the RM10 billion it currently collects just in royalties from Petronas, according to a report.
By next year, Sarawak will become the owner-operator of the port where the Petronas LNG complex sits, once the Malaysian parliament passes legislation to dissolve the federal government-owned Bintulu Port Authority. The state is not just betting on oil and gas, it is also going to build two hydrogen plants at the same port.
If the takeover goes through, Sarawak will have come full circle. It joined Malaysia in 1963 under an agreement that allowed it to self-govern and manage its resources. However, this was not the case until the 2022 elections gave an opening to Abang Johari, a politician who had a role in every Sarawak administration since 1982.
While Abang Johari is an influential voice in national politics, he is flexing his influence when it comes to the balance of power at the federal level. Sarawak and Sabah are now pushing to increase the allocation of 222 national parliament seats for Borneo states to 35 per cent from 25 per cent currently. Malaysia has 13 states.
In the meantime, Sarawak is on a buying spree. The state is set to finalise an agreement to increase its stake in Affin Bank next month, making it the first Malaysian state with direct control of a national bank. It is also in the midst of purchasing a regional airline from national flag carrier Malaysia Airlines in another first. BLOOMBERG
